Hard wheat – a new cereal crop in Belarus: problems and prospects

Английский. The article summarizes the results of 20-year-old researches on introduction of hard wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in Belarus. The distinctive biological and technological features of Triticum durum and Triticum aestivum are stated. The results and basic directions of winter and spring hard wheat breeding are presented. The most important directions of the research of Triticum durum are outlined. Among them are the following: creation of competitive varieties of spring and winter hard wheat for the conditions of the Republic of Belarus, analysis of morphological, biological, physiological and biochemical properties of the cultivar, the evaluation of technological qualities of durum grain used for macaroni production, and the development of scientific substantiation of agrotechnological methods of Triticum durum cultivation. The main agricultural methods of cultivation of spring and winter hard wheat have been developed and substantiated. The problems and prospects of introduction as well as the issues of economic efficiency of hard wheat cultivation in the Republic of Belarus are described. The most important advantages of hard wheat cultivation in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus are enumerated.

Русский. В статье обобщены результаты 20-летних исследований по интродукции пшеницы твердой (Triticum durum Desf.) в Беларуси. Изложены отличительные биологические и технологические особенности T. durum и T. aestivum. Представлены результаты и основные направления селекционной работы с озимой и яровой твердой пшеницей. Разработаны и научно обоснованы основные агротехнологические приемы возделывания яровой твердой пшеницы. Освещены проблемы и перспективы внедрения, а также вопросы экономической эффективности производства пшеницы твердой в Республике Беларусь.