Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat
Krnjaja, V. (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Tomić, Z. (Institute of Animal Husbandry, Belgrade (Serbia)) | Stanković, S. (Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Petrović, T. (Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia). Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry) | Bijelić, Z. (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Mandić, V. (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Obradović, A. (Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia))
In this paper, the incidence of Fusarium-infected grain of winter wheat and the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was studied in two Serbian cultivars Simonida and NS40S, both harvested in 2014. The level of Fusarium contamination of wheat grain was determined using phytopathological techniques based on the standard methodology while DON was detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The incidence of Fusarium-infected grain ranged from 12 to 19% for Simonida and NS40S, respectively. Fusarium graminearum, as well-known producer of DON mycotoxin, was identified among Fusarium species. In addition, Alternaria spp. was isolated in high percentage, with an average incidence of 53% (Simonida) to 63% (NS40S).The average content of DON ranged from 424 μg kg-1 to 1101 μg kg-1 for Simonida and NS40S cultivars, respectively. Statistically insignificant negative correlation (r = – 0.18) was determined between Fusarium- infected grain and DON in the cultivar Simonida and statistically insignificant positive correlation (r = 0.11) in the cultivar NS40S. The mean levels of DON in studied wheat samples of both tested cultivars were not higher than the maximum permitted limit (1250 μg kg-1) although the level of Fusarium-infected grain of both cultivars was relatively high. These results indicate that both wheat cultivars are susceptible to Fusarium infection and DON mycotoxin production in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia, but the cultivar NS40S being more susceptible compared to cultivar Simonida. In view of all stated above, regular health check of grains and developing strategies for integrated monitoring of incidence of Fusarium head blight are necessary preventive measures in protection of winter wheat.
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