THE THEORY OF ECOLOGICAL NICHES IN AGRICULTURE AND THE METHOD OF CALCULATION OF SPECIES INTERACTIONS IN HETEROGENEOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEM
2017
Kononov, A. S. | Belous, N. M. | Torikov, V. E. | Melnikova, O. V. | Shkotova, O. N.
In most cases, the coexisting species in a single trophic level due to the competitive inability to capture environmental resources, which are often not enough, have to deal with "neighbors" and "move over", i.e. to shift its ecological niche. In agriculture, a guarantee of stability and high productivity of agro-ecosystem should be its heterogeneity as the theoretical basis, which is the theory of ecological niches. Not only the ratio but also the composition of species in agrocenosis is of paramount importance in the design of heterogeneous crops. The more ecologically removed such plant communities, the less competition between them for the factors of life. An important principle of selection of components when constructing heterogeneous farming is the selection of biologically distant species, which can change the relationship from competition to complementarity in a heterogeneous agricultural lands. As a rule, different types of legumes-grasses crops. The study of crop ratios in such agrocenoses: spring wheat and lupine showed that the most optimal are sown mixture comprising the seeding of 0.8-1.0 million germinating seeds of lupine and 1.6 million germinating seeds of spring wheat which provides the highest yield of grain mixture and protein per hectare of sowing. Assessment of interactions showed that there is a clear trend of interactions depending on the seeding component, however, is clearly revealed regularity – with increasing density, sowing tension interactions and competitive relations between species, particularly from the most aggressive species increases
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