TB vaccines in the era of HIV: new developments.
2013
Metcalf, R. | Kelleher, P.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (M.tb) infection is a global problem, which is exacerbated by human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) co-infection. Despite the use of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for over a century, it is evident that a new vaccine is needed because of its limitations in efficacy against tuberculosis (TB) and concerns about its safety in HIV-1-infected individuals. The complications of immune deficiency in HIV-1 patients must be taken into account when developing a vaccine suitable for this population. Although there have been no new vaccines since BCG, there are a number of vaccines in the pipeline, some of which have undergone safety and efficacy tests in clinical trials in HIV-1-infected patients. In this review, we will summarize the interactions between HIV-1 and TB and their effects on the immune system and review the development of new TB vaccines and their use in patients with HIV-1 infection.
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