Effect of Cold Stress on Carotenoids in Kale Leaves (Brassica oleracea)
2017
Hwang, S.J., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Chun, J.H., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Kim, S.J., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
BACKGROUND: Kale (Brassica oleracea) biosynthesizes various phytochemicals including glucosinolates, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Phytochemicals of plants are influenced by light, temperature, carbon dioxide, and growing conditions. Specifically, carotenoids are affected by temperature, light, and oxygen. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cold stress (day/night: 25℃/20℃, 20℃/15℃, 15℃/10℃) on carotenoids in kale leaves. METHODS AND RESULTS: Kale was grown in pots for up to 50 days after sowing (DAS) in a greenhouse. For cold acclimation experiments, kale grown in growth chambers for 3 days andwas subjected to low temperature for 4 days. The conditionsmaintained in the growth chamberswere as follows: photoperiod, 12/12 h (day/night); light, fluorescent; and relative humidity, 60%. Carotenoid (lutein, alpha-carotene, zeaxanthin, beta-carotene) contents were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total carotenoid content gradually increased during cold acclimation for 3 days. When kale was subjected to cold stress, the total carotenoid content was high at 25℃/20℃ treatment, but low at 15℃/10℃ treatment. The total carotenoid content of kale leaves continuously grown in greenhouse decreased from50 to 57DAS (1,418 and 1,160 mgkg-1 drywt., respectively). The lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene contents were very low and the zeaxanthin contentswere very high at 15℃/10℃treatment.When kale was subjected to cold stress, the ratio of individual to the total carotenoid contents of kale leaves was 4553% for -carotene and 210% for zeaxanthin. CONCLUSION: The beta-carotene and zeaxanthin contents in kale leaves indicate their sensitiveness toward cold stress.
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