Synergistic activity of Piper aduncum fruit and Tephrosia vogelii leaf extracts against the cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana
2017
Nailufar, N. | Prijono, D.
One of the strategies for increasing the biological activity of botanical insecticides is through the synergistic mixtures of plant extracts. In order to assess the insecticidal joint action of both Piper aduncum (Pa) fruit and Tephrosia vogelii (Tv), leaf extract mixtures were assayed on the cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana. This study was conducted at Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia from October 2010 to August 2011. Pa fruit and Tv leaf powder were extracted using ethyl acetate (1:8 w/v) through maceration done four times for Pa fruit, and three times on Tv leaf. Pa and Tv extracts, and the mixture of both extracts were assayed through leaf-feeding of the second-instar larvae of C. pavonana with a 48 h feeding treatment. The mixtures were tested at three concentration ratios, i.e. 1:5 (Pa:Tv), 1:1, and 5:1 (w/w). Based on a comparison of LC sub 50 at 72 h after treatment, mixtures of both P. aduncum and T. vogelii extracts at ratios of 1:5, 1:1, and 5:1 were 3.0, 3.1, and 4.3 times more toxic than P. aduncum extract, respectively. Meanwhile, the same mixtures of both plant extracts at the same ratio of 1:5, 1:1, and 5:1, was 2.4, 2.5, and 3.4 times were more toxic than T. vogelii extract, respectively. Based on the independent joint action model, P. aduncum and T. vogelii extract mixtures as the three concentration ratios showed a strong synergistic effect on C. pavonana larvae, at both LC sub 50 and LC sub 95 levels, in which the 5:1 mixture was the most synergistic. Thus, the use of synergistic Pa and Tv extract mixtures was more effective than individual Pa and Tv extracts in controlling C. pavonana.
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