Callus induction of arabica and liberica coffee (Coffea spp.)
2017
Alcachupas, C.G. | Labrador, M.N. | Baltazar, M.D.
Coffee is highly traded commodity that affects the economy of the Philippines. Traditional methods of propagation are inefficient to produce high number of planting materials thus resorting to somatic embryogenesis that would give rapid and massive numbers of plantlets. One of the critical stages of somatic embryogenesis is the callus induction phase. The effect of the type of culture media and the concentration of plant growth hormone on two varieties each of Philippine coffee, C. arabica and C. liberica (Kapeng Barako) were investigated. One square cm (1x1 sq cm) leaf explants from coffee seedlings grown in the nursery were sterilized using a developed protocol then inoculated in four different initial callus induction (ICI) media with varying concentrations of cytokinin for a month then transferred to callus proliferation (CP) medium for 3 months subcultured every month. Percent callus induction was taken after 9, 14, 21 and 30 days in ICI medium. Proliferation of calli was observed after 3 months in CP medium. Callus induction of C. liberica was observed to be earlier and higher (up to 92.7%) than C. arabica. All (100%) explants that showed callus induction proliferated in CP medium regardless of the type of medium in the two spaces. However, C. liberica was more responsive than C. arabica as shown by their bigger sizes. Each variety showed different optimum treatments for calli induction. This indicates that there is genetic differences in the callus induction of coffee. Overall, the above results show that callus induction of Philippine coffee has been optimized and can be used in the succeeding phases of somatic embryonensis.
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