Fungal contamination of maize grain samples with a special focus on toxigenic genera
Krnjaja, Vesna (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Stanojković, Aleksandar (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Stanković, Slavica (Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Lukić, Miloš (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Bijelić, Zorica (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Mandić, Violeta (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Mićić, Nenad (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia))
In this study, the total fungal count and contamination with toxigenic fungi from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera of 127 maize grain samples collected from animal farms in subrbs of Belgrade area during 2012-2015, were determined. The total fungal count was determined using a dilution method, and standard mycological procedures were used to identify potential toxigenic fungi genera. In the tested samples of maize grains, the total fungal count was from 1 x 101 to 3 x 106 cfu g-1. No statistically significant differences between investigated years in regard to the mean total fungal count were determined. According to the Regulation on the quality of animal feed of the Republic of Serbia, the total fungal count above permitted limit (2 x 105 cfu g-1) was established in 9.52, 7.89, 20.69 and 55.56% tested samples in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Potentially toxigenic fungi from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillim genera have been identified as the most common in all the samples. In most of the samples, based on the average value for the four-year period (2012-2015), Fusarium species (92.22%) have been identified, followed by the species of the genera Aspergillus (80.83%) and Penicillium (48.68%). A weak positive correlation was established between the moisture content of the samples and the total fungal count in 2012 (r=0.41), in 2013 (r=0.27) and in 2014 (r=0.36) and the medium positive correlation (r=0.61) in 2015. Based on the results of mycological analysis of grain maize it can be concluded that the test samples in a relatively large number did not meet the criteria of hygienic quality. Therefore, regular and continuous control of the mycological quality of maize grain as the most important nutrient in animal nutrition is necessary as a preventive measure to reduce and control contamination of grain with mycotoxigenic fungi.
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