LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF TOTAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC FLOW OF NUTRIENTS AND ORGANIC MATTER IN RIVERS BASINS OF THE PACIFIC SEAS OF RUSSIA
2018
Smirnov, M. P. | Kovalev, A. A. | Melnikova, N. M. | Kovaleva, E. M.
The removal of biogenic elements (BE) and organic substances (OS) by Russian rivers into the Pacific sea, anthropogenic component, the main regional features and tendencies of changes in the flows of ingredients for selected periods 1981-2015 were analyzed. The following main features revealed: multiple excess of reduced nitrogen compounds over oxidized ones (Pacific basin from 2 to 6 times, Arctic basin – from 4 to 30 times); large excess of total iron flow over nitrate nitrogen (from several times to an order of magnitude and above); high removal of easily oxidized OS (from 39% to 62% of the total aquagumus flow); the presence of negative natural anomalies of nitrite nitrogen flow in economically underdeveloped regions with a harsh continental climate, the dominance of permafrost and marsh soils; the presence of positive natural and natural– technogenic anomalies of OS flow, flows of silicon, oxygen-free and oxidized forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron compounds forming complex mass transfer anomalies; unique hydrochemical flow of the Kamchatka river in the volcanic region, characterized by a very high removal of silicon (270 th. tones), a predominance of the removal of nitrate nitrogen over ammonium (4 times), the maximum in Russia the ratio of Si/Nmin flow (81) and Si/Fetotal flow (29), the lowest in the country relationships of Nmin/Rmin flow (2.2) and OS/BE (0.59); the leading positions of the largest rivers of the Pacific and Arctic basins for BE runoff and OS (Amur, Ob, Yenisei, Lena); the smallest relative share of the anthropogenic component in the runoff of nitrate nitrogen, mineral and total phosphorus, and OS, in 1.5-2 times lower of these indicators in the Atlantic and the Caspian basins.
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