Quality of pear seedlings under the northwestern conditions of Russia | Качество саженцев груши в условиях Северо-Запада РФ

Английский. Pear is widespread in the individual gardens of the North-West and adjacent regions of Russia, and especially due to the radical improvement of the assortment. Modern varieties 'Lada' and 'Chizhovskaya' permitted for use in our zone are. They are distinguished by their precociousness, resistance to fungus diseases and a small height of trees, as well as high taste qualities. The observations were carried out in 2017-2018 in the Leningrad region. Common pear seedlings (7 varieties of different ripening time) were grown in protected ground, and then they were planted in a zero field and implanted in the first field of nursery. The planting plan was 70 x 10-15 cm. Bud grafting was carried out in 2016 in usual time o the third decade of July. Each variant had at least 100 pcs. The yield and biometric indicators were determined at the end of vegetation. All this adds to the popularity of this culture. However, in the gardens other varieties are used. The budding of a pear under the conditions of the Leningrad Region ensured the annual seedlings yield from 73.3 ('Yakovlev's Memory') to 88.3% ('Lada'). The most weakly growing and less branched biennial pear seedlings are obtained using 'Orlovskaya Letnyaya' varieties. The most developed seedlings were the varieties 'Kafedralnaya', 'Belorusskaya pozdnyaya', 'Lada', 'Severyanka krasnoshchyokaya'. The yield of standard two-year seedlings averaged 93%. The direct dependence of the diameter of the stem and the total increase on the diameter of the stock was revealed; it is the stock that has a significant impact on the development of two-year-old pear seedlings. The correlation coefficient is 0.9. Thus, the high quality of pear planting material in the North-West region is achieved by a high agrotechnical background and the use of budding for well-developed powerful rootstocks. The observations were carried out in 2017-2018 in the Leningrad region. Common pear seedlings (7 varieties of different ripening time) were grown in protected ground, and then they were planted in a zero field and implanted in the first field of nursery. The planting plan was 70 x 10-15 cm. Bud grafting was carried out in 2016 in usual time o the third decade of July. Each variant had at least 100 pcs. The yield and biometric indicators were determined at the end of vegetation.

Русский. Наблюдения проводили в 2017-2018 гг. в Ленинградской области. Сеянцы грушиобыкновенной (7 сортов разных сроков созревания) выращивали в защищенном грунте, затем высаживали в нулевое поле ипрививали в первом поле питомника. Схема посадки 70 х 10-15 см.Окулировка проводилась в 2016 г. в обычные сроки, на третьей декаде июля. В каждомварианте не менее 100 шт. Выход и биометрические показатели однолетних саженцевопределяли в конце вегетации. Окулировка груши в условиях Ленинградской области обеспечила выход однолетних саженцев от 73,3 (Память Яковлева) до 88,3% (Лада). Наиболее слаборослые и менее разветвленные двухлетние саженцы груши получены при использовании сорта Орловская летняя. Наиболее развитые саженцы были у сортов Кафедральная, Белорусская поздняя, Лада, Северянка краснощекая. Выход стандартных двухлетних саженцев в среднем составил 93%.Выявлена прямая зависимость диаметра штамба и суммарного прироста от диаметра подвоя, т.к. именно подвой оказывает существенное влияние на развитие двухлетних саженцев груши. Коэффициент корреляции составляет 0,9. Высокое качество посадочного материала груши в условиях Северо-Западного региона достигается высоким агротехническим фоном и использованием окулировки на хорошо развитые мощные подвои.