Biological control of coffee berry borer [Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)] and green scale insect (Coccus viridis Green) infesting organically grown arabica coffee in Benguet [Philippines]
2019
Das-Ilen, G. | Ligat, B.S. | Dacus, W.A. | Eladjoe, K.J.P.
Coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), infestation ranged from 28-90% on arabica coffee plantations in the different municipalities of Benguet while green scale, Coccus viridis Green, had no injury arabica leaves and stems. The lady beetle, Chilocorus circumdatus Gyllenhall (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was identified as a natural enemy of C. viridis. The lady beetles were present in six municipalities of Benguet province, namely: La Tinidad, Kapangan, Kibungan, Mankayan, Atok, and Banguias. Lady beetle eggs are white, laid in clusters (6-25 eggs), and banana-shaped. Larvae have four instars which are alligator-like. Pupae are capsule-like, orange in the center, and are surrounded by hair-like structures. Adults are convex, white upon emerging, but turns predominantly orange after a few minutes. First instar larvae consumed an average of nine green scale insects per day occupying a length of approximately 1.19 mm on the shoots of coffee plants and the second instar consumed an average of seven green scale insects per day occupying a length of 1.98 mm. the third instar larvae consumed an average of five scale insects per day occupying a length of approximately 2.38 mm. The fourth instar and adult predator consumed an average of seven and six scale insects per day, respectively, occupying a length of approximately 2.78 mm on the shoots of coffee plants. The natural enemy of coffee berry borer was Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., an entomopathogenic fungi.
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