Characterization of Some Varieties of Arab Maghreb Olive Under Rainfed Conditions and Supplementary Irrigation at Jellin Research Station (Daraa /Syria)
2016
Saher Al Bakeer
This study was conducted to characterize some varieties of Arab Maghreb olives; Aswad (Libya), Seguaz and Shamshaly (Algeria) and Shamlal and Shatwi (Tunisia). We aimed to assess those varieties under rainfed and supplementary irrigation at Jellin Research station, Jellin (Daraa /Syria).Different traits were scored such as average of annual vegetative growth, characteristics of leaves (length, width, leaf surface), fruit and seeds (length, width, weight, size), average of flower number per cluster, fertilization and oil ratio in contrast to the dry weight. Significant differences were detected between the irrigation in contrast to rainfed treatment for the majority of the traits.Based on the dry weight for all of varieties, we reported an oil percentage estimated with 27.28% and 47.88% for rainfed and irrigated treatments, respectively. On the other hand, adverse values were reported on the basis of the wet weight; the oil content was estimated with 20.47% under the rainfed conditions and 17.07 under the irrigation treatment. This result can be due to the accumulation of water, oil and other ingredients in vacuoles.Drought tolerance parameters (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, relative water content, leaves water content, inability saturation of water, ratio of leaf dry weight, glucose, proline) were studied. The results revealed that most of olive varieties were drought tolerant, specially Aswad (Libya). Hence, this variety would be recommended for the cultivationof this variety in the Arab countries with dry conditions.
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