CHANGES IN SOIL FERTILITY INDICES OF LEACHED BLACK SOIL IN SUNFLOWER CROPS DEPENDING ON THE BASIC TILLAGE SYSTEMS
2021
Mnatsakanyan, A.A.
Basic soil tillage is one of the factors affecting soil fertility and the yield of cultivated crops. Research on this topic is always relevant due to their great importance for each region of the Russian Federation. This article presents material on the study of various systems of basic soil cultivation, their effect on the fertility of leached low-humus superpowerful chernozem and the yield of sunflower. Studies were performed at FSBSI «P.P. Lukyanenko National Center for Grain» on the basis of the agrotechnological department, the laboratory of agriculture, located in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory. In the course of research, it was revealed that the best agrochemical properties are possessed by the soil cultivated during two rotations according to the technology - the minimum mulching with decompaction, where the content of organic matter was 3.83%, nitrification capacity 16.2 mg/kg soil, with content N-NO3 – 8.5; P2O5 – 64.6 and К2O – 38.6 mg/kg soil. The assessment of changes in the agrophysical properties of the soil revealed that the use of minimal technologies over a long period increases the content of agronomically valuable aggregates by 4.3-5.1%, the structural coefficient by 0.30 - 0.36, water resistance by 4.8%, second only in soil density compared to traditional tillage. The yield of sunflower obtained in the course of research and taking into account the water supply of this crop made it possible to determine that moisture is less rationally spent on minimal treatments. So, for the creation of 1 centner of grain according to the minimum mulching with decompaction technology, 119.5 m3 of water was required, according to the minimum mulching - 135.8 m3, while for the traditional one this indicator is 4.8-21.1 m3 lower, respectively.
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