Crises politico-militaires et climatiques en Côte d'Ivoire. Du cacao à l'anacarde, de la rente forêt à la fumure animale
2018
Ruf, F.
Politico-military and Climate Crises in Côte d'Ivoire. From Cocoa to Cashew Nuts, from Forest Rent to Animal Manure. Cocoa farms continue to expand and to replace the country's last remaining forests. The decade of politico-military crisis has prolonged this process of expansion at the expense of protected areas, contributing to the fall in the world price of cocoa in 2017. At the same time, Ivory Coast is losing its 'forest rent' and cocoa production costs are increasing. Faced with the ecological, climatic, technical, social and political changes associated with these cocoa cycles, how does family farming innovate and transform landscapes, with or without cocoa cultivation? These questions are addressed empirically on the basis of samples of 40 to 200 farms at 10 sites in the cocoa-cultivation zone, taking stock of the technical changes that have taken place in the turbulent ecological and social context of the 2000 and 2010 decades. The results are structured into a 'hexalogy' of dynamics, arising from the interactions between the cocoa cycle, prices, migration networks, politico-military crisis and climate change, with each of these factors having a relative effect depending on particular regions. The diversification or conversion of cocoa cultivation to cashew nut cultivation, the development of livestock production and the adoption of the use of animal manure, which is helping double cocoa yields, demonstrates the ability of family farming to innovate more effectively than public and private entities. But like all technical progress, these innovations can also contribute to the fall in the world price of the commodity concerned.
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