Antifungal activity and microscopic observation of the effect of methanol extract of Entada rheedei against selected soilborne fungal pathogens
2011
Rita Muhamad | Kamaruzaman Sijam | Neni Kartini Che Mohd RamIi | Siti Zaiton Md So'ad | Dzolkhifli Omar | Aiza Harun
Entada rheedei, commonly known as 'beluru' or 'sintok', is a liana or woody climber that grows wildly in Malaysian Forest and are traditionally used in the health care application such as shampoo and body wash, and also used for syphilis treatment, insect bites and blood defecate. Our current study involved the extraction of antimicrobial compound from stems, leaves and seeds of Entada rheedei using water and organic solvents with different polarity, and testing of each extracts for the antifungal activity against selected soilborne fungal pathogens i.e Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium sp., Fusarium sp., Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and Phytophthora palmivora. The in vitro antifungal activities of Entada rheedei extracts against fungal plant pathogens revealed that the water and methanol extracts of stem and seed of E. rheedei significantly exhibited good inhibition against Fusarium sp. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (p<0.05). However, there were no inhibition observed on Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium sp. and Phytophthora palmivora. Futhermore, the leaves extracts of Entada rheedei did not show any inhibition against all tested soilborne fungal pathogens. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the present of saponin in all active extracts of E. rheedei which suggest possible antifungal effect. The investigation of microscopic observation on the effect of active extract against tested soilborne fungal pathogens revealed that, the treated spores and hyphae were shrunken and collapsed, which might be due to cell fluid leakage. The results indicated that the methanol and water crude extract of stem and seeds potentially have an antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense.
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