THE EFFECT OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BARLEY VARIETIES

The study of barley varieties of steppe and Western European origin was conducted in the central part of the Voronezh region (FSBSI “Voronezh FARC named after V.V. Dokuchaev”) in 2019-2021. Samples were grown on the predecessor of peas for grain on the soil background without fertilizers and using a complex fertilizer of 60 kg of active substance оn the hectare when sowing. From the steppe group, the Talovsky 9 variety stands out with increased grain productivity, from the western-European – Explorer. An increase in productivity on average when using a complex fertilizer at a dose of 60 kg active substance per hectare in steppe forms was 9.3%, with the greatest effect in the varieties Medicum 157 (17.0%) and Talovsky 9 (10.0%). In the varieties of the Western European group, the increases are more significant, on average 15.5%, they are most pronounced in the varieties Zu Zaza, Zu Suren (20.0-23.6%). The maximum grain productivity of plants from m2 is associated with the content of chlorophyll in the tillering phase: ґ= 0.78***, the dependence is less significant in the subsequent phases: flowering and milk ripeness ґ=0.36*, 0.39*. The level of chlorophyll content in the tillering phase in our conditions is positively correlated with the indicators of productive bushiness with high reliability (ґ=0,75***, 0,78***) and a productive stem (ґ=0,68**, 0,75***), with the use of fertilizers, the dependence is reduced. During the flowering phase, the chlorophyll content is maximally interconnected with the formation of productivity elements: the mass of grain from the main ear (ґ=0,65**, 0,85***), on a non-windy background, the dependence is stronger, and the grain mass from the plant (ґ=0,63**, 0,66**). The level of chlorophyll content in the tillering phase can be successfully used in the breeding process, during evaluation and selection for increased productivity.