Physiological adaptation to high ion concentrations or water deficit by callus cultures of highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum
1993
Muralitharan, M.S. | Van Steveninck, R.F.M. (La Trobe Univ., Bundoora (Australia). School of Agriculture) | Chandler, S.F. (Calgene Pacific, Collingwood (Australia))
Callus cultures of highbush blueberry were selected for 10 passages on medium supplemented with 50 mol per cu m NaCl, 50 mol per cu m KCl, 25 mol cu m Na2SO4, 25 mol per cu m K2SO4 or 100 mol per cu m mannitol. On all salts, growth of selected callus was greater (200-250 percent) than that of non-selected callus, and selected callus grew optimally on the type of salt on which it was selected. Selected callus accumulated more ions (approximately 1.5-3.0-fold) than non-selected callus on all salts, and there was a positive correlation between vacuolar ion concentration and fresh weight. Growth of NaCl-selected callus but not non-selected callus was greatly enhanced (2.25-fold) in the presence of 100 mol per cu m mannitol, while growth of a mannitol-selected callus line was also enhanced. The results indicate that adaptation of blueberry callus cultures for optimal growth on salt-containing media is probably due to adaptation to water stress, not tolerance to specific ions. Osmotic adjustment, achieved by ion uptake and production of sugars, appears to be the physiological mechanism of adaptation.
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