New aspects on the significance of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)
1994
Baufeld, P. (Biologische Bundesanstalt fuer Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Braunschweig(Germany). Dienstelle fuer wirtschaftliche Fragen und und Rechtsangelegenheiten im Pflanzenschutz) | Unger, J.G.
Bemisia tabaci (Aleyrodidae), indigenous to warmer climate in the field, has been found under glasshouse conditions in a couple of Central European countries since the beginning of 1980. This polyphagous species infects more than 500 plant species all over the world, among them a lot of important greenhouse crops (ornamental plants, vegetables). B. tabaci causes damage due to sucking which in connection with honey dew and sooty moulds impair plant assimilation and affect more rapidly than Trialeurodes vaporariorum because of higher fertility and a more rapid speed of development on crops which need high temperatures. As insecticides only eliminate the first larval stage and adults and as resistance against common insecticides is developing easily, a durable control or even the elimination of B. tabaci is extremely difficult. Approaches for biological control are promising, but not applicable in a wide range, up to now. A great risk which has been realized only recently is caused by B. tabaci spreading more than 60 plant viruses, which above all do not appear inEurope. Three of these viruses which are representing a potential risk also for European crops (lettuce infections yellow virus, tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus and squash leaf curl geminivirus) have caused considerable yield loss in the USA and in the Near East. Furthermore, also physiological impairments are lately ascribed to some populations of B. tabaci (squash silverleaf, white stem, irregular ripening) in the USA, the causes of which are not yet fully clarified. According to newest results of Bellows and Perring the Poinsettia-Biotyp (biotype B) has to be separated from B. tabaci as a new species called Bemisia argentifolii
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