The challenge of deforestation in tropical Africa: reflections on its principal causes, consequences and solutions

africa afrique afrique tropicale agroforesteria agroforesterie agroforestry bois de chauffage conservation de la nature deforestation desmonte environmental degradation erosion forest management forest resources fuelwood ganado labour land clearing livestock natural resources nature conservation pastizales pastures population rurale recursos forestales recursos naturales ressource naturelle rural population sostenibilidad sustainability trabajo travail tropical africa tropical forests tropical zones zona tropical zone tropicale