ROLE OF BEAN HERBS IN CHANGE OF GUMUS CONTENT OF CESPITOSE AND PODSOLIC SOILS OF THE UPPER VOLGA

Low humus content of cespitose and podsolic soils – result of natural process of soil formation. Improvement of this factor as show researches, by application of a biologization of system of agriculture of the Upper Volga sharply increases efficiency not only all soil ecosystem, but also all agrotechnical complex in general. For the purpose of development of effective receptions of a biologization of agriculture of the Upper Volga long researches (2000-2015) on the cespitose and podsolic soil are conducted. The developed receptions promote stay the degradation processes of the soil, to increase humus content of the arable horizon, to improvement of physical properties, etc. The structure of cultivated areas is developed and ecologized crop rotations which use is possible in any agrarian and industrial complex agricultural enterprise are offered to introduction. Input parameters: receptions of a biologization, the scheme the ecologized processes, fertilizers – maintaining efficiency of a balance crop rotation, structure of an arable land. The ability to make a prediction in the choice of the use of biological culture in the economy, in the structure of arable land – grain, grain-and-forage and forage crops, and crop rotation. In a cespitose and podsolic ecosystem of the Upper Volga render such bean herbs on essential increase of organic substance of the soil as a clover meadow, a radish olive, mustard white and a lupine one-year. At intensive option of their cultivation they are capable to fill the soil with a humus from 1,2 to 2,3 t/g; but under a condition: these herbs have to be used as green manure crops. It is established, in particular, in the Upper Volga the Ivanovo region the structure of a crop rotation has to have 40-50 % of long-term bean herbs that promotes increase of fertility of cespitose and podsolic soils for 9-15 % and to increase in efficiency of an arable land in combination with use of fertilizers – for 60-65 %.