Impact of soil tillage on yield and energy efficiency of rapeseed production | Utjecaj načina obrade tla na prinos i energetsku učinkovitost proizvodnje uljane repice

Английский. Considering that primary tillage and soil preparation for the sowing of rapeseed is conducted during dry season, it is very important to choose the correct system of tillage for each area or soil type. This research aimed to determine the impact of soil tillage on yield and energy efficiency of rapeseed production under agro-ecological conditions of region Podravina. The study included two systems of tillage for rapeseed: 1) conventional tillage - mouldboard plough, rotary harrow integrated with seed drill; 2) reduced tillage - chisel plough, rotary harrow integrated with seed drill. The study was carried out on leached soil on sands in year 2017/2018 on a plot with a total surface area of 3.5 ha. Conventional tillage was carried out on one half of the plot (1.75 ha), and reduced tillage on the other half (1.75 ha). Fendt 716 Vario 118 kW, an allwheel- drive tractor, was used for all tillage operations. During all work operations, fuel consumption was measured by volumetric method and energy consumption was subsequently calculated. Yield was determined on each variant of tillage in three replications. The system of tillage did not have a significant effect on seed yield, oil content in seed and oil yield. Reduced tillage resulted in energy savings of 387 MJ ha-1, i.e. reduced fuel consumption by 10 l ha-1. Therefore, reduced tillage is more environmentally friendly due to lower CO2 emissions. From an economic point of view, a reduced cost of tillage is more profitable, as compared to conventional tillage, because a higher income of 282.00 kn ha-1, that is 3.42 %, has been achieved.

хорватский. Budući da se osnovna obrada i priprema tla za sjetvu uljane repice obavljaju u sušnom razdoblju godine, vrlo je važno odabrati pravilan način obrade tla za svako područje, odnosno tip tla. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj načina obrade tla na prinos i energetsku učinkovitost proizvodnje uljane repice u agroekološkim uvjetima Podravine. U istraživanje su bile uključene dvije varijante obrade tla za uljanu repicu: 1) konvencionalna obrada - plug, integrirani agregat rotodrljača + sijačica; 2) reducirana obrada - rovilo, integrirani agregat rotodrljača + sijačica. Istraživanje je provedeno na lesiviranom tlu na pijescima kod naselja Dinjevac u Podravini tijekom 2017./2018. godine na parceli ukupne površine 3,5 ha. Na jednoj polovici parcele (1,75 ha) obavljena je konvencionalna obrada tla, a na drugoj polovici (1,75 ha) reducirana obrada tla. Za sve radne operacije obrade tla korišten je traktor Fendt 716 Vario snage motora 118 kW s pogonom na sva četiri kotača. Prilikom svih radnih operacija mjerena je potrošnja goriva volumetrijskom metodom te je izračunat utrošak energije. Na svakoj varijanti obrade tla utvrđen je prinos u tri ponavljanja. Način obrade tla nije imao značajan utjecaj na prinos sjemena, udio ulja u sjemenu i prinos ulja. Reduciranom obradom tla ostvarena je ušteda energije od 387 MJ ha-1, odnosno smanjen utrošak goriva za 10 l ha-1. Stoga je reducirani način obrade tla ekološki prihvatljiviji zbog manje emisije CO2. Reducirana obrada je isplativija i s ekonomskog stajališta jer je u usporedbi s konvencionalnom, ostvaren veći prihod za 282,00 kn ha-1, odnosno 3,42 %.