Deep-Soil Adsorption of Nitrate in a Japanese Andisol in Response to Different Nitrogen Sources
2008
Maeda, Morihiro | Ihara, Hirotaka | Ōta, Takeshi
Nitrate adsorption in a deep Andisol with a high anion exchange capacity (AEC) needs to be studied for groundwater management. We evaluated N balances and NO3 − content profiles under cropping in Andisol fields after 10 yr of repeated N additions of different N sources—swine compost (SC, N application rate of 800 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), coated urea (CU, 400 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), or NH₄–N (AN, 400 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹)—and an unfertilized control (NF). The N losses from the 0- to 20-cm layer of three N-treated soils during the experiment were 2300 to 2700 kg N ha⁻¹, which were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Nitrate-N retention in deep-soil profiles up to 450 cm was 1800 to 2300 kg N ha⁻¹ irrespective of N source (P > 0.05), and was 788 kg ha⁻¹ in the NF treatment. On the other hand, the type of N source affected soil NO3 − content profiles: NO3 − from the two types of slow-release N additions (SC and CU) remained within a depth of 60 cm, whereas NO3 − in the 180- to 280-cm layer was significantly higher in the AN treatment (P < 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the primary contributor to soil NO3 − content was Al content derived from allophane and imogolite, followed by soil pH and SO4 2− with negative impacts. In Andisols of Ibaraki, Japan, NO3 − leached from the root zones is retained by adsorption in deep layers, which may reduce the risk of groundwater contamination at least for 10 yr.
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