Variation of anthocyanin content in fruits of wild and cultivated Lycium ruthenicum
2020
Liu, Zenggen | Dong, Banmacailang | Liu, Zhuang | Zong, Yuan | Shao, Yun | Liu, Baolong | Yue, Huilan
Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LR) is an important medicinal and edible fruit tree in Northwest China and contains a large number of anthocyanins in ripe fruits. To search for content of the anthocyanins, petunidin-3-O-rutinoside(trans-p-coumaroyl)-5-O-glucoside (PRG) and anthocyanidin (delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin) in fruits of 423 LR samples were determined and analyzed quantificationally by high-performance liquid chromatography. There was a great variation in fruits total anthocyanins content (PRG and anthocyanidins) among LR germplasm. A total of ten significant correlations between anthocyanins and seven ecogeographic factors were detected by bivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The content of PRG was slightly lower in cultivated fruits than that in wild fruits, but the cultivated fruits contained more anthocyanidins than wild fruits. Anthocyanins contents of LR fruits were positively correlated with fruit weight and diameter. Therefore, the difference in anthocyanins concentration between the cultivated and wild fruits may be attributed to the indirectly consequence of human selection for heavier fruits and bigger fruit size during LR domestication. Additionally, PRG content was relatively low in LR fruit at the green fruit stage, but significantly increased during fruit development and maturation. The PRG accumulation could be regulated and controlled by LrAN2 in LR fruit, and the content of PRG was directly proportional to the expression level of LrAN2, which suggested a feedback regulation mechanism in PRG-related gene expression. In a word, the result of this work could provide reliable data on the further study and utilization of LR.
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