Vinyldithiins in garlic and Japanese domestic Allium (A. victorialis)
Nishimura, H. | Ariga, T.
Caucas (Allium victorialis L.), a wild plant that grows in northern-most Japan, yielded an essential oil containing more than 80 kinds of volatile components with a composition similar to that of garlic (A. sativum L.). The content of the antiaggregation principle allyl methyl trisulfide (MATS) in caucas, however, was 1.5 times higher than that in garlic. Two kinds of vinyldithiins (3,4-dihydro-3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin and 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin) were detected in the directly extracted caucas oil. Garlic oil and MATS inhibited platelet aggregation induced by most of the known physiological agonists; the aggregation induced by arachidonic acid metabolites, however, was not inhibited by these Allium components. Actually, the Allium components inhibited production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 12S-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), although the arachidonic acid release reaction was accelerated to some extent, indicating that the antiaggregation is caused by an impairment of arachidonic acid metabolism.
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