Effects of combinational treatment with ethephon and gibberellic acid on rice seedling growth and carbohydrate mobilization in seeds under flooded conditions
Watanabe, Hajime | Honma, Kae | Adachi, Yusuke | Fukuda, Akari
Early seedling growth, including seedling emergence and vigor, is crucial in direct seeded rice. In this study, we examined the effects of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and ethephon (ET) on the early growth of direct seeded rice, and on α-amylase activity and soluble sugar content in the seeds. Rice seeds were treated with water (control), ET, GA₃, or ET+ GA₃ and were allowed to grow for 21 days. The results showed that ET and GA₃ synergistically improved the lengths of mesocotyl, coleoptile, mesocotyl+ coleoptile, and first leaf. Moderate synergistic effects of ET and GA₃ were detected in the second and third leaves. ET+ GA₃ treatment induced higher α-amylase activities during early post-germination growth, which is consistent with the longer coleoptile, mesocotyl, mesocotyl+ coleoptile, and first leaf. In addition, ET+ GA₃ induced higher α-amylase activity in the seeds, and consequently, higher sucrose and glucose concentrations than other treatments. These results partially explain the regulatory mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction of ET and GA₃ on rice seedling growth in terms of starch and sugar metabolism in the seeds, and this knowledge is expected to facilitate the practical use of ET and GA₃ in direct seeded rice systems.
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