Policies to promote healthy eating in Europe: a structured review of policies and their effectiveness
Capacci, Sara | Mazzocchi, Mario | Bhawani Shankar, | Brambila-Macias, José | Verbeke, Wim | Pérez‐Cueto, Federico JA | Kozioł‐Kozakowska, Agnieszka | Piórecka, Beata | Niedzwiedzka, Barbara | D'Addesa, Dina | Saba, Anna | Turrini, Aida | Aschemann‐Witzel, Jessica | Bech‐Larsen, Tino | Strand, Mathias | Smillie, Laura | Wills, Josephine | Traill, Bruce
This review provides a classification of public policies to promote healthier eating as well as a structured mapping of existing measures in Europe. Complete coverage of alternative policy types was ensured by complementing the review with a selection of major interventions from outside Europe. Under the auspices of the Seventh Framework Programme's Eatwell Project, funded by the European Commission, researchers from five countries reviewed a representative selection of policy actions based on scientific papers, policy documents, grey literature, government websites, other policy reviews, and interviews with policy‐makers. This work resulted in a list of 129 policy interventions, 121 of which were in Europe. For each type of policy, a critical review of its effectiveness was conducted, based on the evidence currently available. The results of this review indicate a need exists for a more systematic and accurate evaluation of government‐level interventions as well as for a stronger focus on actual behavioral change rather than changes in attitude or intentions alone. The currently available evidence is very heterogeneous across policy types and is often incomplete.
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