Monoclonal immunoassay of triazine herbicides. Development and implementation
1991
Karu, A.E. | Harrison, Ro | Schmidt, D.J. | Clarkson, C.E. | Grassman, J. | Goodrow, M.H. | Lucas, A. | Hammock, B.D. | Van Emon, J.M. | White, R.J.
This paper summarizes a three-laboratory effort to develop a sensitive, reliable enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for triazine herbicides using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Simazine and atrazine haptens with mercaptopropionic acid and aminohexanoic acid spacers were synthesized and conjugated to proteins via N-hydroxysuccinimide active esters. MAbs derived from mice immunized with these conjugates had I50 values of 3 ppb to 4 ppm for various triazines in standard and simazine-enzyme conjugate competition EIAs. The EIAs are compatible with simplified methods for triazine extraction and concentration from soil and water. The limit of detection for atrazine was approximately 0.05 to 0.1 ppb, similar to that obtained with gas chromatography. EIA and GC results agreed closely for 75 groundwater samples, with no "false negatives." Gas-liquid chromatography and EIA data for simazine in 48 soil extracts had a correlation of 0.97. The EIA has also been used to monitor groundwater from beneath a toxic waste pit and water from agricultural evaporation ponds.
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