Technical, economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid CHP system with a 5 kW PEMFC, photovoltaic panels and batteries in the Brazilian scenario
2022
de Oliveira Gabriel, Renato | de Souza Laya Junior, Edson | Leal Braga, Sergio | Pradelle, Florian | Serra, Eduardo Torres | Coutinho Sobral Vieira, Cesar Luiz
This work focuses on the numerical simulation of an on-grid hybrid combined heat and power (CHP) system to meet small residential demands, using natural gas and solar energy. The system includes a natural gas reformer, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (FC), photovoltaic panels (PV) and batteries connected to the grid by a bidirectional inverter. The impact of four parameters in the economic viability are investigated: number of consumers, electric and natural gas tariffs evolution, reverse metering factor and configuration of the system (energy sources, with or without storage). The results showed that the system can feed up to 4 consumers without significantly purchasing energy from the grid. Also, the electric tariffs exert more influence than natural gas tariffs over the performance of the system in terms of net present value. Dealing with configuration aspect, the FC + PV configuration provided earlier payback predictions, since fewer equipment substitutions were required. Reverse metering factor impact on system’s final profit and payback estimation was verified just slight. As results of environmental analysis conducted for the operation of the system, it was shown that emissions as low as 276.5 gCO2eq/kWh are achievable for the FC + PV configuration with cogeneration, meaning a 61.5% reduction in comparison with gas microturbines technology.
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