Conservation of Mediterranean pine woodlands: scenarios and legislative tools
2004
Leone, V. | Lovreglio, R.
Given the multiplicity of products, human activity over the past thousand years has strongly interacted with pine forest distribution. The results of human activity and its impact on the pine forests is a problem that began in the past, when wood and pine ecosystems were not valued, and whose repercussions are still felt today; notably in changes in fire regime, in grazing/browsing intensity, in harvesting, in land use, in plantation activity, in expansion of forest/urban interface, and in secondary urban settlements. Conservation, in this sense, means the maintenance of and the restoration or improvement of the abiotic and biotic features, which form the habitat of a species, as well as controlling activities, which may indirectly result in the deterioration of such habitats. Conservation, therefore, ranges from the conservation of genetic resources in several forms (seed banks, seed forests, conservation in situ of relic populations), to the elimination of human induced disturbances, to the planning of new activities, to the application of proper silvicultural tending and the pursuance of international Conventions, Regulations and Resolutions. The aim of this paper is to emphasise the main legislative tools, which are represented by the array of Conventions, Directives, Regulations and Resolutions concerning the environment and the ecological networks (NATURA 2000, EMERALD, EUNIS).
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