Hybrid Hard Red Spring Wheat Seed Production Potential
1988
Howey, S. J. | Spilde, L. A. | Edwards, I. B. | Laskar, W. J.
The success of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depends greatly on the female seed production potential. Objectives of this experiment were to evaluate male sterile seeding rate and pollinator planting delay in relation to CMS or chemical hybridizing agent (CHA) production systems on hybrid hard red spring wheat seed yield. Field experiments were conducted on a Wheatville silt loam (course-silty, over clayey, frigid Aeric Calciaquoll) at Kragnes, MN. Spikes were wind and hand pollinated to compare CMS and CHA stigma receptivity during flowering. A CMS (Triticum timopheevi Zhuk. cytoplasm) line was used in 1984 and 1985. A CHA version was obtained in 1985 by applying SD 84811. Male steriles were planted at 22.4, 56.0, and 89.6 kg ha−¹ in each of three crossing blocks, which were characterized by pollinator planting delays of 0, 68, and 136 growing degree days (GDD) in 1984, and 0, 85, and 170 GDD in 1985. The highest CMS female yield (2.0 Mg ha−¹) utilized the 89.6 kg ha−ˡ rate and 68 GDD delay in 1984. Positive relationships were observed in 1984 between yield and pollinator delay for the 22.4 kg ha−ˡ rate, while higher rates had similar but limited yield responses. CMS yields were more than 200% of CHA yields. CMS stigma receptivity periods were similar over years. CMS and CHA stigma receptivity periods were similar for duration and time of peak intensity, but CHA seed sets were generally lower. Additional knowledge on flowering characteristics, environmental interactions, and genotypic compatibility with CHAs may be necessary before hybrid hard red spring wheat production becomes a viable option. Contribution of the North Dakota Agric. Exp. Stn., Fargo, ND 58105. Research conducted cooperatively by the Agronomy Dep., North Dakota State Univ., and Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc., Spring Wheat Res. Stn.
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