Impact of carbohydrate supply on stem growth, wood and respired CO2 (delta)13C: assessment by experimental girdling
Maunoury-Danger, Florence | Fresneau, Chantal | Eglin, Thomas | Berveiller, Daniel | Francois, Christophe | Lelarge-Trouverie, Caroline | Damesin, Claire
The present study examines the impact of the C source (reserves vs current assimilates) on tree C isotope signals and stem growth, using experimental girdling to stop the supply of C from leaves to stem. Two-year-old sessile oaks (Quercus petraea) were girdled at three different phenological periods during the leafy period: during early wood growth (Girdling Period 1), during late wood growth (Girdling Period 2) and just after growth cessation (Girdling Period 3). The measured variables included stem respiration rates, stem radial increment, (delta)13C of respired CO2 and contents of starch and water-soluble fraction in stems (below the girdle) and leaves. Girdling stopped growth, even early in the growing season, leading to a decrease in stem CO2 efflux (CO(2R)). Shift in substrate use from recently fixed carbohydrate to reserves (i.e., starch) induced 13C enrichment of CO2 respired by stem. However, change in substrate type was insufficient to explain alone all the observed CO(2R) (delta)13C variations, especially at the period corresponding to large growth rate of control trees. The below-girdle mass balance suggested that, during girdling periods, stem C was invested in metabolic pathways other than respiration and stem growth. After Girdling Period 1, the girdle healed and the effects of girdling on stem respiration were reversed. Stem growth restarted and total radial increment was similar to the control one, indicating that growth can be delayed when a stress event occurs early in the growth period. Concerning tree ring, seasonal shift in substrate use from reserves (i.e., starch) to recently fixed carbohydrate is sufficient to explain the observed 13C depletion of tree ring during the early wood growth. However, the inter-tree intra-ring (delta)13C variability needs to be resolved in order to improve the interpretation of intra-seasonal ring signals in terms of climatic or ecophysiological information. This study highlighted, via carbohydrate availability effects, the importance of the characterization of stem metabolic pathways for a complete understanding of the (delta)13C signals.
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