Lead content in grapefruit juice and its uptake upon storage in open containers
1994
Stilwell, D.E. | Musante, C.L.
The lead contents of 52 samples of grapefruit juice, 14 packaged in glass, eight in waxed paperboard, and 30 in tin-coated carbon steel containers, were determined. Only those juices packaged in metal cans contained measurable amounts of lead, (< 1-27 micrograms litre-1) averaging 7.7 micrograms litre-1. Leaching studies were carried out on juices stored, under refrigeration, in opened containers for up to 30 days. The lead content increased considerably with time in juices stored in tin-coated cans. For example, after 6 days of storage the lead contents of these juices ranged from 3 to 90 micrograms litre-1, and averaged 30 micrograms litre-1. The lead content did not increase in juices that were stored in glass, paperboard or polyethylene containers. The source of lead in the cans was traced to lead impurities in the tin coating. Higher lead impurities in the tin coating produced higher lead contents in the juice. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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