Effects of weight and energy content of preloads on subsequent appetite and food intake
1996
Graaf, C de | Hulshof, T.
This study was done to determine the relative effects of energy content and weight of ingested food on subsequent satiety and food intake. The weight/volume and the energy content of nine preloads were manipulated, in a 3 X 3 factorial design, to give three weight levels, 250, 500 and 750 g, and three energy levels 0, 1 . 26 and 2 . 51 MJ (0, 300 and 600 kcal). The weights were varied by the addition of water, while the energy levels were varied by using yogurt and cream. Each of the 1 . 26 and 2 . 51 MJ preloads contained 27 g of protein and 31 g of carbohydrates. The 1 . 26 MJ preloads contained 8 g of fat and the 2 . 51 MJ preloads had 41 g of fat. Each of the nine preloads was presented as a lunch to 21 female and 16 male subjects. Two hours after the preloads, subjects consumed sweet and savory snacks and various drinks ad libitum from a buffet. The weight of the preload had a small but statistically significant effect on feelings of hunger and satiety between preload and buffet, and on energy intake during the buffet (5 . 34, 5 . 05 and 5 . 04 MJ after 250, 500 and 750 g preloads). There was a large difference between 0 and 1 . 26 MJ, but little difference in effect between 1 . 26 and 2 . 51 MJ preloads. Mean energy intakes in the buffet after the 0, 1 . 26 and 2 . 51 MJ preloads were 6 . 17, 4 . 83 and 4 . 42 MJ. These results suggest that the weight or amount of food affects subsequent appetite and food intake, but the effect of energy is stronger.
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