Mycotoxin formation affected by fumigation of wheat
1973
Vandegraft, E.E. | Shotwell, O.L. | Smith, M.L. | Hesseltine, C.W.
Samples of hard red winter wheat were fumigated with (i) methyl bromide (2 lb/1000 ft3, 24 h), (ii) 0,0-dimethyl 0-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) phosphate (20 ppm, 1 wk), (iii) ethylene dichloride: carbon tetrachloride (75:25 w/w) (3 gal/1000 bushels, 12 h) and (iv) chloropicrin (2 lb/1000 bushels, 48 h), aerated and stored in metal containers at 0°C for 2 wk before inoculation with Aspergillus flavus (4 strains), Asp. parasiticus (2 strains)m Asp. ochraceus and Penicillium viridicatum. Half the fumigated and nonfumigated wheats were sterilized by autoclaving at about 25% moisture before inoculation. Of the 8 fungal strains used, 6 were affected by (i), 5 by (ii), 4 by (iii) and 1 by (iv). Asp. parasiticus and Asp. flavus strains produced aflatoxin and Asp. ochraceus and P. viridicatum produced ochratoxin. Yields of aflatoxin were higher on sterilized than unsterilized wheat. Ochratoxin production was little affected by sterilization. Fumigation both increased and decreased aflatoxin and ochratoxin production, depending on the fungal strain with which the wheat had been inoculated.
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