Nitro-Oleic Acid in Seeds and Differently Developed Seedlings of <i>Brassica napus</i> L
Vollár, Martin | Feigl, Gábor | Oláh, Dóra | Horváth, Attila | Molnár, Árpád | Kúsz, Norbert | Ördög, Attila | Csupor, Dezső | Kolbert, Zsuzsanna
Similar to animals, it has recently been proven that nitro-fatty acids such as nitro-linolenic acid and nitro-oleic acid (NO<sub>2</sub>-OA) have relevant physiological roles as signalling molecules also in plants. Although NO<sub>2</sub>-OA is of great therapeutic importance, its presence in plants as a free fatty acid has not been observed so far. Since <i>Brassica napus</i> (oilseed rape) is a crop with high oleic acid content, the abundance of NO<sub>2</sub>-OA in its tissues can be assumed. Therefore, we quantified NO<sub>2</sub>-OA in <i>B. napus</i> seeds and differently developed seedlings. In all samples, NO<sub>2</sub>-OA was detectable at nanomolar concentrations. The seeds showed the highest NO<sub>2</sub>-OA content, which decreased during germination. In contrast, nitric oxide (•NO) levels increased in the early stages of germination and seedling growth. Exogenous NO<sub>2</sub>-OA treatment (100 µM, 24 h) of <i>Brassica</i> seeds resulted in significantly increased •NO level and induced germination capacity compared to untreated seeds. The results of in vitro approaches (4-Amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) fluorescence, •NO-sensitive electrode) supported the •NO liberating capacity of NO<sub>2</sub>-OA. We observed for the first time that <i>Brassica</i> seeds and seedlings contain free NO<sub>2</sub>-OA which may be involved in germination as an •NO donor as suggested both by the results of exogenous NO<sub>2</sub>-OA treatment of seeds and in vitro approaches. Due to their high NO<sub>2</sub>-OA content, <i>Brassica</i> sprouts can be considered as a good source of dietary NO<sub>2</sub>-OA intake.
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