Effect of sorption properties on the content, ecotoxicity, and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bottom sediments
Skic, Kamil | Boguta, Patrycja | Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka | Ukalska-Jaruga, Aleksandra | Baran, Agnieszka
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, PAH sorption processes in bottom sediments has not been comprehensively discussed. Understanding the dependencies governing PAH sorption processes will allow to predict, monitor, and mitigate the ecological effects of PAH contamination and the associated risks to humans or wildlife. The objectives of the study were to assess the relationship between the sorption properties and the content of PAHs in bottom sediments and mussels. The PAH profile was dominated by higher-molecular hydrocarbons, which accounted for 73% of the total concentration of PAHs. Potentiometric studies revealed the steric-based PAH sorption mechanism that strongly depended on the presence of negatively dissociating structures such as carboxylic or phenolic functional groups. Based on the changes in Q8 values, the size-exclusion effect was more likely for 5- and 6-ring compounds. Pores <5µm, which had the largest share in the specific surface area, were the preferred sites for PAH sequestration and stabilization in bottom sediments. The availability of PAHs was reduced in sediments with high organic matter content. The PAH bioaccumulation factor significantly decreased with increasing TOC content in sediments. Higher mortality and growth inhibition of H. incongruens were observed in samples with high and medium TOC contents than in those with low TOC content.
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