Műtrágyázás hatása az őszi árpára karbonátos homoktalajon | The effect of fertilisation on winter barley on calcareous sandy soil
2009
Kádár, Imre
In 1999, the 29th year of our NPK fertilisation experiment established on Danube-Tisza mid-region calcareous sandy soil in 1970, we examined the effect of treatments on the development, yield and element uptake of winter barley, as well as the AL-soluble PK content of the ploughed layers of soil. The surface soil contains around 1% of CaCO ₃ and humus and 5–10% clay, whereas the subsoil is strongly calcareous. Soil water level is at a depth of 5–7 m, the area is drought sensitive and weakly supplied with available nutrients (N, P, K). The main conclusions that can be drawn from the experiment are the following: As a result of the PK fertilisation enriching the soil, the AL-soluble PK content is on or above the “satisfactory” level (150–200 mg kg ⁻¹) of AL-P ₂O ₅. The small grain yield (1 t ha ⁻¹) measured on the control soil raised above 3 t ha ⁻¹ by moderate NP fertilisation. The increased NP levels and the supplementary K fertilisation did not result in considerable yield surplus in this medium droughty year. As a result of abundant NP fertilisation, the N, P, S and Sr content of straw increased by 40–50% and the K-Ca and K-Mg counteraction and K-Ba synergy also appeared. More or less, these result could be tracked in the composition of the grain, too. In comparison with the winter barley grown on chernozem adobe soil with lime deposits, we could prove that barley straw on this sandy soil remained poorly supplied with K and Na, whereas it became extremely enriched in P, S, Sr and Ba. The so-called specific element content of 1 t grain and its secondary yield was 25 kg N, 13 kg K (16 kg K ₂O), 4 kg Ca (5–6 kg CaO), 3 kg Mg (5 kg MgO) and 8 kg P (18 kg P ₂O ₅). The extremely high specific P content implies that the crops grown on sandy soil poorly supplied with colloid can take up luxurious amount of P on high-P soils because the P-movement is the soil-plant system seems to be less hindered.
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