Régimes hyperlipidiques et dépression
Major depression (MD) is a psychiatric pathology based on different neurobiological mechanisms. Among these mechanisms, there is a hypersensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and modifications of various processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Various arguments suggest that these mechanisms lead to a deficit in monoaminergic neurotransmission. In particular, major depression is thought to result from an attenuation of serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brain. There is increasing evidence that patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop mood disorders than patients without diabetes. These epidemiological data are supported by studies conducted in different animal models displaying deficit in insulin signaling (exposure to cytotoxic compounds to the insulin-producing beta cell or hyperlipidic diets) leads to depressive-like states. This article summarizes the evidence linking metabolic and psychiatric disorders. It then presents the different mechanistic hypotheses that may explain this comorbidity. Finally, it opens the way to new therapeutic avenues that would consist in using oral antidiabetic drugs alone or in combination with antidepressants for an optimal management of MD.
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