Production of the Green Leaf Volatile (Z)-3-hexenal by a Zea mays Hydroperoxide Lyase
Chang, Jessica Patricia | Iii, Charles T. | Alborn, Hans T. | Christensen, Shawn A. | Block, Anna K.
Hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs) are cytochrome P450's from the CYP74B family that produce the green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenal from the cleavage of (9Z,11E,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acid. (Z)-3-hexenal is an important stress related signaling compound in plants and can be used as part of antiherbivore defenses. In this study we use phylogenetics to identify the maize HPL (ZmHPL) and demonstrate its ability to produce (Z)-3-hexenal in an Arabidopsis line deficient in HPL activity. Furthermore, we use gene expression analysis to show that expression of ZmHPL is induced in maize in response to herbivory by the insect pests Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera exigua. Interestingly despite this induction S. frugiperda and S. exigua both suppress (Z)-3-hexenal production in maize showing that these insects can effectively overcome this aspect of the maize defense response.
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