Ion Movement in Wyoming Bentonite During Electroosmosis
1959
Jacobs, Hyde S. | Mortland, M. M.
The comparative rates of removal of the ions from Wyoming bentonite-quartz sand systems during electroosmosis were as follows: Na⁺ > K⁺ > Mg⁺⁺ > Ca⁺⁺. The differential movement of ions tends to separate the cations as they move through the media. The percentage of an ion removed by a given amount of electricity was increased by the addition of a complementary ion. The rate of Na⁺ and K⁺ removal was proportional to the amount of these ions remaining in the system and decreased steadily as electroosmosis proceeded. The rate of Ca⁺⁺ removal tended to remain more or less constant until the Ca⁺⁺ concentration in the cell had been reduced to about 0.5 symmetry. In the early stages of electroosmosis the transference numbers of Na⁺ and K⁺ in systems containing no free salt were very near unity. Under similar circumstances the transference number for Ca⁺⁺ was greater than in some salt solutions but did not approach unity. The amount of water flow per milliequivalent of cation removed was greatest for Ca⁺⁺, intermediate for K⁺, and least for Na⁺.
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