Tree and Fruit Characteristics of Various Apple Genotypes Obtained through Mutagenesis
Apple seeds treated with variable intensity doses of irradiation produce alterations of apple heredity, which are generally characterized by the reduction of tree vigour, change of fructification type, crop capacity, fruit shape, colour and biochemical fruit content. Morphological and productive features of trees derived through mutagenesis and fruit quality were studied on twelve apple genotypes, using Jonathan and Golden Delicious cultivars as control. The analysis of apple genotypes growing potential obtained through mutagenesis showed that there were significant differences in the tree height, trunk diameter, crown diameter and fructification type among the apple trees. Several genotypes (G-1/7, G-1/8, G-3/123, G-4/131, G-9/11) were registered with a high content of total nitrogen and protein in the fruits and G-9/11 genotype had the highest content of phosphorus (0.408%). Genotypes G-4/101 and G-4/131 accumulated a high quantity of nitrates, over the maximum admitted levels of 60 ppm NO3- for fresh fruits. Cu and Zn contents were low, under the maximum admitted limits.
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