Chemical composition of commercial cold-pressed pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil from Turkey and Israel, and the use of bioactive compounds for samples’ origin preliminary discrimination
2019
Costa, A.M.M. | Silva, L.O. | Torres, A.G.
This study investigated the chemical composition of three commercial pomegranate seed oils (PSO) from Turkey and Israel, with emphasis on PSO’s bioactivity and quality, as follows: fatty acid profile, lipid classes, volatile compounds, quality indexes, oxidative stability and bioactive compounds (phenolics, tocopherols and carotenoids). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify regional trends in the PSO, based on bioactive compounds profile. PSO samples were similar concerning quality indexes and lipid classes. Punicic acid content (ca. 590 mg/g oil) was similar among all samples however, total conjugated linolenic acid (cLnA) content was higher in PSOIsrael_A (87.0 g/100 g). Phenolic acids, quercetin and naringenin were the phenolic compounds present in PSO samples. γ-Tocopherol was the major tocol, especially in PSOTurkey_batches_1/2 (ca. 1143 mg/100 g), but samples showed low carotenoids contents. PSO showed low oxidative stability, possibly because of cLnA’s oxidizability. The volatile fraction of PSOs varied between samples and was composed chiefly by alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and carboxylic acids. Bioactive compounds data provided a marginal discrimination of PSO’s geographical origin, by PCA analysis. The high contents of minor components in PSO add to its potential bioactivity attributed to cLnA.
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