Crop residues in corn-wheat rotation in a semi-arid region increase CO2 efflux under conventional tillage but not in a no-tillage system
2022
Mirzaei, Morad | Gorji Anari, Manouchehr | Razavy-Toosi, Ehsan | Zaman, Mohammad | Saronjic, Nermina | Zamir, Seyed Morteza | Mohammed, Safwan | Caballero-Calvo, Andrés
Appropriate management of crop residue plays a key role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, it has been inadequately implemented in general agricultural management practices. In a field investigation using static chambers, we evaluated the effects of crop residue at three different rates - 100 % (R₁₀₀), 50 % (R₅₀), and residue removal (R₀) - on carbon dioxide (CO₂) efflux. The field study was conducted in corn-wheat rotation under conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems in a semi-arid region. The main results showed that CO₂ efflux was positively correlated with higher soil temperature (0.43–0.79) and microbial biomass carbon (0.66–0.89). The crop residue treatments affected these traits. A strong positive relationship between CO₂ efflux and the crop residue (R² = 0.96, CT and R² = 0.9 for NT) was observed. In the CT system, significant increases were detected among residue rates on cumulative CO₂ efflux, where R₁₀₀ and R₅₀ resulted in 36 % and 25 % higher cumulative CO₂ efflux, respectively, than R₀. In contrast, there was no significant difference in cumulative CO₂ efflux among the crop residue retention (R₁₀₀ and R₅₀) and removal (R₀) treatments under the NT system. Our study revealed that crop residue retention led to increased CO₂ efflux under the CT system in semi-arid conditions during the first year of application, while under the NT system, CO₂ efflux was not impacted by crop residue. Our results indicate that there is considerable potential for improving soil management practices in the context of soil degradation, climate change, increasing crop productivity, and carbon (C) sequestration.
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