A Review of Phase Behavior Mechanisms of CO₂ EOR and Storage in Subsurface Formations
2022
Chen, Zhuo | Zhou, Ying | Li, Huazhou
The emissions of CO₂ have been recognized as the main cause of climate change. As an important strategy being used to reduce the CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) has attracted significant attention in recent years. Geological formations, including depleted oil and gas reservoirs and saline aquifers, are popular CO₂ storage options. During the process of CO₂ storage in subsurface formations, the interactions between CO₂ and formation fluids must be considered as they could greatly affect the CO₂ trapping mechanisms and CO₂ storage capacity. In this paper, we give a brief review of the phase behavior mechanisms associated with CO₂ storage in subsurface formations. Two different CO₂-storage strategies are considered in this paper: CO₂ storage in saline aquifers and CO₂ storage in oil reservoirs. Multiphase equilibria, including two-phase, three-phase, and four-phase equilibria, can be observed during CO₂ injection into underground formations. Both the experimental and modeling studies on the related phase behavior mechanisms are included in this Review. We also introduce some recently developed robust algorithms for the multiphase equilibria calculations, which could be essential for the design of the CO₂ storage process and prediction of CO₂ storage capacity.
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