Ion exchange capacity of synthetic zeolite L: a promising way for cerium recovery
2022
Confalonieri, Giorgia | Vezzalini, Giovanna | Maletti, Laura | Di Renzo, Francesco | Gozzoli, Vittorio | Arletti, Rossella
The increasing rare earth elements’ (REE) demand to meet the market request and the current political scenario show that it is essential to find good solutions to recover these elements from waste (both industrial and mining). Zeolites are microporous materials with high cation exchange capacity, up to now only little investigated for REE recycle. Here, we propose the use of NH₄⁺-exchanged zeolite L for Ce recovery from a very diluted solution (0.002 M), mimicking the Ce³⁺ concentration of the liquors deriving from the leaching of spent catalysts. The aim of this work is twofold: (i) to investigate the exploitability of zeolite L as cation exchanger in the Ce recovery; and (ii) to determine the best working conditions. The investigated process consists of a coupled cation exchange: (1) in the first exchange the NH₄⁺ cations — present in the zeolite porosities — are exchanged with the Ce³⁺ ions in the solution; and (2) in the second experiment, the Ce³⁺ trapped into the zeolite is recovered through a further exchange with NH₄. The best working conditions for Ce³⁺ exchange of NH₄-zeolite L are: batch system, liquid/solid ratio equal to 90 mL/g and 180 mL/g, 24 h of contact at 25 °C. The resulting Ce adsorption capacity (qₜ) is equal to ~25 mg/g and ~39 mg/g and the removal efficiency 100% and 77% for the two tested liquid/solid ratios, respectively. The kinetics was proved to be fast and consistent with industrial timing; no energy cost for temperature setting is required; and the acid pH (~4) of the solutions does not affect the zeolite structure stability and its exchange performance. It has been demonstrated that the zeolite framework is not affected by the exchange so that the same absorbent material can be employed many times.
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