Effects of low temperatures on the survival and development of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under different storage durations
Maharjan, Rameswor | Yi, Hwijong | Young, Yoonnam | Jang, Yunwoo | Kim, Yongchul | Bae, Soondo
Azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L. is a cosmopolitan pest of stored grain legumes. Larvae cause huge losses of energy and seeds in the storage. This study assessed the effects of short-term exposure to low-temperatures (4, 0, and −4°C) under seven durations of storage (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30days) on the survival, development, and adult performance of C. chinensis in laboratory. The effects were studied on three life stages (egg, larva [2–3 instar], and pupa) of C. chinensis. The results showed that low-temperature treatments have significant effects on the life variables of C. chinensis. Among the stages, egg and pupa stages were most sensitive to low-temperature. The very low survival rates of eggs at −4°C, no pupa stages of C. chinensis survived after 10days storage. Cold exposure at −4°C for <10days not only increased egg and pupa mortality, but the negative effects also transmitted to the larvae and pupa developed from those eggs (64.3days) and least adults were emerged with minimum longevity. Increasing the duration of cold exposure further reduced survival rates, e.g. about 20% of the eggs survived after 15days exposure at −4°C, but <30% of them survived after 25days treatment at 4 and 0°C. Low-temperature treatments have also affected on the adult performances such as adult weight. However, there were not any negative effects of low-temperatures on the seed germination. The life variables of C. chinensis are discussed in terms of targeting particular susceptibilities to low-temperatures in different durations of storage as an alternative to chemical treatments.
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