Growth and survival of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in response to selected physical and chemical properties of poultry manure
Barnard, D.R. | Harms, R.H.
Responses of house fly, Musca domestica L., to variations in the physical and chemical properties of poultry manure were measured by rearing flies at different densities (0.2, 0.4, or 1.0 g manure per larva) in one of three manure types (M1, M2, M3) collected from laying hens fed different amounts of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and sodium (Na). Manure type significantly influenced larval survival, pupal mass, the numbers of emerging adult flies, and the survival of females through the first quartile of adult life but did not affect fecundity or natality. When the effects of manure type were averaged across larval density, type M2 (average 78% H2O, 1.31% N, 2.04% Ca, 0.48% P, 0.54% potassium [K]; pH 6.5) conferred optimum survival, pupal mass, and emergence responses; type M3 (83% H2O, 1.07% N, 1.20% Ca, 0.33% P, 0.40% K; pH 6.6) conferred poorest responses. House fly responses to type M1 (average: 80% H2O, 1.32% N, 0.95% Ca, 0.55% P, 0.53% K; pH 6.32) were intermediate to those for M2 and M3. Larval survival correlated with phosphorus levels in the manure and adult emergence was correlated with manure moisture content.
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