Noncovalent Ruthenium(II) Complexes–Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites for Bimodal Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy with Near-Infrared Irradiation
2015
Zhang, Pingyu | Huang, Huaiyi | Huang, Juanjuan | Chen, Hongmin | Wang, Jinquan | Qiu, Kangqiang | Zhao, Donglei | Ji, Liangnian | Chao, Hui
To enhance the efficacy and optimize the treatment of cancers, the integration of multimodal treatment strategies leading to synergistic effects is a promising approach. The coassembly of multifunctional agents for systematic therapies has received considerable interest in cancer treatment. Herein, Ru(II) complex-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (Ru@SWCNTs) are developed as nanotemplates for bimodal photothermal and two-photon photodynamic therapy (PTT-TPPDT). SWCNTs have the ability to load a great amount of Ru(II) complexes (Ru1 or Ru2) via noncovalent π–π interactions. The loaded Ru(II) complexes are efficiently released by the photothermal effect of irradiation from an 808 nm diode laser (0.25 W/cm²). The released Ru(II) complexes produce singlet oxygen species (¹O₂) upon two-photon laser irradiation (808 nm, 0.25 W/cm²) and can be used as a two-photon photodynamic therapy (TPPDT) agent. Based on the combination of photothermal therapy and two-photon photodynamic therapy, Ru@SWCNTs have greater anticancer efficacies than either PDT using Ru(II) complexes or PTT using SWCNTs in two-dimensional (2D) cancer cell and three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) models. Furthermore, in vivo tumor ablation is achieved with excellent treatment efficacy under a diode laser (808 nm) irradiation at the power density of 0.25 W/cm² for 5 min. This study examines an efficacious bimodal PTT and TPPDT nanoplat form for the development of cancer therapeutics.
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