Characterization of a multianalyte GC-MS/MS procedure for detecting and quantifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH derivatives from air particulate matter for an improved risk assessment
2019
Mueller, Andrea | Ulrich, Nadin | Hollmann, Josef | Zapata Sanchez, Carmen E. | Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike E. | von Bergen, Martin
A correct description of the concentration and distribution of particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is important for risk assessment of atmospheric particulate matter. A new targeted GC-MS/MS method was developed for analyzing 64 PAHs including compounds with a molecular weight >300, as well as nitro-, methyl-, oxy- and hydroxyl derivatives in a single analysis. The instrumental LOD ranged between 0.03 and 0.7 pg/μL for PAHs, 0.2–7.9 pg/μL for hydroxyl and oxy PAHs, 0.1–7.4 pg/μL for nitro PAHs and 0.06–0.3 pg/μL for methyl-PAHs. As an example for the relevance of this method samples of PM₁₀ were collected at six sampling sites in Medellin, Colombia, extracted and the concentration of 64 compounds was determined. The 16 PAHs from the EPA priority list contributed only from 54% to 69% to the sum of all analyzed compounds, PAH with high molecular weight accounted for 8.8%–18.9%. Benzo(a)pyrene equivalents (BaPₑq) were calculated for the estimation of the life time cancer (LCR). The LCR according to the samples ranged from 2.75 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.4 × 10⁻⁴ by a calculation with toxic equivalent factors (TEF) and 5.7 × 10⁻⁵ to 3.8 × 10⁻⁴ with potency equivalent factor (PEF). By using the new relative potency factors (RPF) recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) the LCR ranged from 1.3 × 10⁻⁴ to 7.2 × 10⁻⁴. Hence, it was around six times higher than the well-known TEF. The novel method enables the reliable quantification of a more comprehensive set of PAHs bound on PM and thus will facilitate and improve the risk assessment of them.
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