Estimation of industrial water demand and reclamation in Jordan: A cross-sectional analysis
2020
Saidan, Motasem N.
The present study quantified the industrial water demand and reclamation and identified the scale of water-intensive industries in Jordan. Five industrial sectors including 395 industrial factories were surveyed by means of a structured questionnaire. The gathered data that were assessed included all industrial sectors, number of employees, the types and quantities of products, water demand, wastewater generation quantities, and management practices. Water demand and wastewater generation indicators (the water use and wastewater generation per product or per worker or per time) were determined for each of the responded groups of industrial sectors. The total industrial water demand and effluents generation in the five industrial sectors were pragmatically extrapolated and calculated. Moreover, the water reclamation and reuse potentialities were assessed from both environmental and economic perspectives. The results showed that the monthly industrial water demand per worker is 0.634 m³ for domestic use, while that for process use is varied between 0.07 to 21.38 m³/tons product. The results also determined the wastewater generation indicators, where the domestic use is generating between 0.515 to 0.628 m³ of wastewater per month per worker, while that for process use is between 0.04 to 12.45 m³/tons product. Moreover, the scenario of on-site treatment of 90% of the generated wastewater to be used as alternative water for 37.83% of total process water demanded by the grouped industries, showed viability where 9.7 million cubic meter of fresh water can be saved annually, and at least 25,953.60 tons CO₂ ₑqᵤᵢᵥₐₗₑₙₜ emission can be reduced.
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